The Subjective Experience of Visual Snow Syndrome:
Predictors and Implications

References & further information

Completion Seminar, 23 November 2023

References.

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  2. Schankin CJ, Maniyar FH, Sprenger T, Chou DE, Eller M, Goadsby PJ. The Relation Between Migraine, Typical Migraine Aura and “Visual Snow.” Headache J Head Face Pain. 2014;54(6):957-966. doi:10.1111/head.12378

  3. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629-808. doi:10.1177/0333102413485658

  4. Puledda F, Schankin C, Goadsby PJ. Visual snow syndrome: A clinical and phenotypical description of 1,100 cases. Neurology. 2020;94(6):e564-e574. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000008909

  5. Sampatakakis SN, Lymperopoulos L, Mavridis T, et al. Visual snow: A systematic review and a case series. Cephalalgia. 2022;42(13):1409-1419. doi:10.1177/03331024221118917

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  8. Klein A, Schankin CJ. Visual snow syndrome, the spectrum of perceptual disorders, and migraine as a common risk factor: A narrative review. Headache J Head Face Pain. 2021;61(9):1306-1313. doi:10.1111/head.14213

  9. Graber M, Scutelnic A, Klein A, Puledda F, Goadsby PJ, Schankin CJ. Natural course of visual snow syndrome: a long-term follow-up study. Brain Commun. 2022;4(5):fcac230. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac230

  10. Eren OE, Ruscheweyh R, Rauschel V, Eggert T, Schankin CJ, Straube A. Magnetic Suppression of Perceptual Accuracy Is Not Reduced in Visual Snow Syndrome. Front Neurol. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.658857

  11. Schankin CJ, Maniyar FH, Chou DE, Eller M, Sprenger T, Goadsby PJ. Structural and functional footprint of visual snow syndrome. Brain. 2020;143(4):1106-1113. doi:10.1093/brain/awaa053

  12. Aldusary N, Traber GL, Freund P, et al. Abnormal Connectivity and Brain Structure in Patients With Visual Snow. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.582031

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  14. Costa RM, Campos P, Wiborg M, Rebôlo C, Wittmann M, Kornmeier J. Prevalence of visual snow and relation to attentional absorption. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(11):e0276971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276971

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  16. van Dongen RM, Alderliefste GJ, Onderwater GLJ, Ferrari MD, Terwindt GM. Migraine prevalence in visual snow with prior illicit drug use (Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder) versus without. Eur J Neurol. 2021;n/a(n/a). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14914

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  18. Perenboom MJL, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Zielman R, Carpay JA, Ferrari MD. Quantifying visual allodynia across migraine subtypes: the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale. Pain. 2018;159(11):2375-2382. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001343

  19. Moores KL, Jones GL, Radley SC. Development of an instrument to measure face validity, feasibility and utility of patient questionnaire use during health care: the QQ-10. Int J Qual Health Care. 2012;24(5):517-524. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzs051

  20. Tu S, Li C, Zeng D, Shepherd BE. Rank Intraclass Correlation for Clustered Data. Stat Med. Published online August 7, 2023:sim.9864. doi:10.1002/sim.9864

Read our published work.

In the first study of my PhD, referenced in this talk, we showed that:

  • Photophobia (visual allodynia, measured via the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale) predicts the severity of Visual Snow Syndrome

  • Duration of Visual Snow Syndrome is associated with perceived severity: the longer people have had VSS, the less severe it seems

  • People with VSS experience elevated sensory sensitivity compared to normative means, across a range of measures